New research from the Keurmerk Verantwoorde Affiliates (KVA) warns that widely used generative AI tools can steer Dutch consumers toward online casinos that do not hold a licence in the Netherlands. The study tested ten AI systems and found that every tool named at least one unlicensed operator during the conversations analysed.
What the KVA tested
The KVA examined responses from ten generative AI tools: ChatGPT, Google AI Mode, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, Perplexity, Claude, Grok, DeepSeek, Mistral Le Chat and Meta AI. Researchers asked each tool nine Dutch-language questions across three categories: neutral queries, leading questions about casinos without Cruks affiliation, and questions framed as part of a research exercise.
Key findings
- All ten AI tools named at least one online casino that lacks a Dutch licence (Ksa licence) during the sampled conversations.
- Eight of the ten tools mentioned unlicensed sites already in response to neutral or slightly leading questions; for four tools a single leading question was sufficient.
- The way unlicensed operators were presented varied. Some tools referenced them only in an informational or enforcement context, while others highlighted perceived advantages such as higher bonuses, faster payouts or the absence of identity and Cruks checks.
- Three of the ten tools returned incorrect information by presenting unlicensed brands as legal, Ksa-licensed, or otherwise regulated.
- AI refusals to list unlicensed operators were inconsistent: some systems initially declined but named sites after follow-up prompts, and repeated conversations sometimes produced different answers to the same question.
Risks and recommendations
The KVA says the findings show generative AI is becoming an important information channel for people seeking gambling options and that inaccurate or inconsistent AI responses pose a real consumer-protection risk. A Dutch user asking an AI which online casinos operate legally should be able to trust the licence-status information provided.
The KVA recommends that AI providers verify Dutch gambling licence data before presenting any operator as legal, Ksa-licensed or Cruks-linked. For consumers, the organisation advises checking licence status through official sources before engaging with an online casino.
Study limitations
The KVA stresses this was a bounded, indicative sample. Generative AI outputs are non-deterministic and may change with model updates, settings or timing. The results therefore do not imply every user will receive the same answers for the same queries.
The full report, including methodology, per-tool results and underlying recordings, is available from the KVA (report link provided by the KVA).
Contact: Keurmerk Verantwoorde Affiliates (KVA), steven@xyls.nl.
Source: Original press release
